Marketing Exam 1 Study Guide Essay

Marketing Exam 1 Study Guide Essay Marketing Exam 1 Study Guide Essay Marketing Exam 1 Review Chapter 1 Marketing – the activities, set of institutions and processes for creating, communicating, delivering and engaging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners and society at large. Exchange – people giving up something in order to receive something they would rather have. Product orientation – a philosophy that focuses on the internal capabilities of the firm rather than the desires and needs of the marketplace. Sales orientation – the ideas that people will buy more goods and services if aggressive sales techniques are used and that high sales result in high profits. Marketing concept – the idea that the social and economic justification for an organization’s existence is the satisfaction of customers wants and needs while meeting organizational objectives. Marketing orientation – a philosophy that assumes that a sale does not depend on an aggressive sales force but rather on a customer’s decision to purchase a product; it is synonymous with the marketing concept. Societal marketing orientation – the idea that an organization exists not only to satisfy customer wants and needs and to meet organizational objectives but also to preserve or enhance individuals’ and society’s long term best interests. Customer value – the relationship between benefits and the sacrifice necessary to obtain those benefits. Customer satisfaction – customers’ evaluation of a good or service in terms of whether it has met their needs and expectations. Relationship marketing – a strategy that focuses on keeping and improving relationships with current customers. Empowerment – delegation of authority to solve customers’ problems quickly – usually by the first person the customer notifies regarding a problem. Teamwork- collaborative efforts of people to accomplish common objectives What is marketing? -Determining the needs of a targeted group of consumers -Creating an immediate exchange of value and a long term relationship Four P’s -Product, Price, Promotion and Place Chapter 3 Ethics – the moral principles or values that generally govern the conduct of an individual or a group. Morals – the rules people develop as a result of cultural values and norms. Code of ethics – a guideline to help marketing managers and other employees make better decisions. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act – a law that prohibits U.S. corporations from making illegal payments to public officials of foreign governments to obtain business rights or to enhance their business dealings in those countries. Corporate social responsibilities – a business’s concern for society’s welfare. Pyramid of corporate social responsibility – a model that suggests corporate social responsibility is composed of economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic responsibilities and that the firm’s economic performance supports the entire structure. Sustainability – the idea that socially responsible companies will outperform their peers by focusing on the world’s social problems and viewing them as opportunities to build profits and help the world at the same time. Green marketing – the development and marketing of products designed to minimize the negative effects on the physical environment or to improve the environment. Cause related marketing – the cooperative marketing efforts between a for-profit firm and a nonprofit organization. Influential factors on ethical decision-making -Extent of problems, probability of harm, top management actions, time until consequences, potential consequences, number affected and social consensus -Four sets of norms – societal, general business, company and personal - Must satisfy all four to be ethical AMA Code of Ethics – do no harm, foster trust in the marketing system and practicing ethical values that will improve consumer confidence in the integrity of the marketing exchange system. Chapter 4 Target market – a group of people or organizations for which an organization

Week One Written Assignment Essays

Week One Written Assignment Essays Week One Written Assignment Essay Week One Written Assignment Essay Week One Written Assignment Shereka Pierce Mat 126 Elizabeth Stepp December 6, 2011 We have been learning how to develop our skills, in speaking, reading, and writing the English language. Did you know that when we were in math class, we were also learning how to speak, read, and write the language of mathematics? Mathematics uses numbers and number systems instead of the alphabet, but its also a language: a language of patterns and symbols. Mathematics can help you recognize, understand, describe and identify changes in patterns. Problem35. A person hired a firm to build a CB radio tower. The firm charges $100 for labor for the first 10 feet. After that, the cost of the labor for each succeeding 10 feet is $25 more than the preceding 10 feet. That is, the next 10 feet will cost $125, the next 10 feet will cost $150, etc. How much will it cost to build a 90-foot tower? Here is how we think about it: We see that there is a new price every ten feet as they build the tower. After that the cost of the labor for each succeeding 10 feet is $25 more than the preceding 10 feet. That is, the next 10 feet will cost $125, the next 10 feet will cost $150, etc. How much will it cost to build a 90-foot tower? n= the number of terms altogether n=9 d= the common difference d=25 a1= the first term a1=100 aN= the last term aN=a9 (yet to be computed) Next, we need to compute what a9 is. The next step is to find the nth term of the sequence, or the 9th term in this case. aN=a1+(n-1)d a9=100+(9-1)25 a9=100+(8)25 a9=100+200 9=300 Now that we know what a9 is, we need to know what the sum of the sequence is from a1 to a9. The next step is to find the answer to this question. Sn= n(a1+a9)/2 S9= 9(100+300)/2 S9= 9(400)/2 S9=3600/2 S9=1800 Problem 37 A person deposited $500 in a savings account that pays 5% annual interest that is compounded yearly. At the end of 10 years, how much money will be in the savings account? Here is how we think about it: Each year 5% of the balance is added to the balance, that would look like: B+ (. 03)B B(1+. 05) B(1. 05) In other words each year the existing balance is multiplied by 1. 05. First, we need to identify the following numbers: n= the number of terms n=10 r= the common ratio r=1. 05 a1= the first term a1=500(1. 05)=525, the balance at the end of the first year, thus a1. In a savings account, the total balances at the end of each year form the sequence, so we dont need to add up all the terms in the sequence. We just need to find out what the balance is at the end of 10 years, so we are looking for the value of a10. The next step is to find the balance in the savings account at the end of 10 years. aN=a1(rN-1) a10=525(1. 05) 9 a10=525(4961. 25) a10=2,604,656. 25 Thus, the balance in the savings account at the end of 10 years is $2,604,656. 25. In this conclusion I will tell you how I got my answer. For example, the first thing that I did was figure out which numbers go where n=9 that is the total of terms altogether d=25 that is the common difference a1= the first term and aN= the last term. The next thing that I did was igure out which numbers go where as stated earlier I took the one hundred added it with eight multiplied twenty-five then, the next step is to add one hundred plus two hundred and I got three hundred. The next step is to figure out the sequence is. The next step is to Sn=9 is n plus S9= nine multiplied by one hundred plus three hundred divided by two. The answer is nine multiplied by four hundred divided by two. The next step is to divide three thousand into two and you get 1800 . The next problem stated earlier is I have to find out how much money will be in the savings account in ten years. The first thing that I do is breakdown the percentage into decimal which I do by taking the percent and dropping the percent sign and changing it to a decimal like I did earlier then I multiply $1. 05 by $500 and I get $525. Then I figure out what the sequence of the next step by figuring out what a10 is by multiplying five twenty five times one point five to the ninth power to get $2,604,656. 25. References Bluman, A. G. (2005). Mathematics in our world. (Ashford University Custom Edition). United States: McGraw-Hill.

US Monopoly Company and US Perfect Competition Company Essay

US Monopoly Company and US Perfect Competition Company - Essay Example The competitive market structure come into being where there are different firms competing in the market to offer the best product and services to the customers. These companies cannot make decisions without considering what other competitors are doing. When there are several companies offering similar product and services, competition will occur. In most cases, this competition is to the benefit of the customers (Mankiw 329). Market Analyses The two monopolistic companies are the National Basket Association (NBA) and the National Football League (NFL). These two companies are in contract with the best players as well as the best stadiums. It is not easy for any other company to compete with NBA and NFL in this kind of business due to the monopolistic ownership of necessary resources for basketball and football. New companies in the market will have to look for other non standard stadiums as well as little known players, who may not be of use to them economically (Tucker 137). Anothe r way in which NBA and NFL enjoy monopoly in the market is through legal barriers. The government has given them licenses to operate the various leagues, on the contrary, telecommunications companies such as Skype and Cisco Call manager have got licenses to operate in the market. Potential competitors also have got equal opportunity in acquiring license necessary for competition. Other potential competitors to NBA may not be given licenses since there can only be one league in the US. The market in which national basketball association and national football league operates is characterized by the fact that they are he only companies in the market, they also offer unique services and products as well as the impossible entry of possible competitors due to ownership of vital resources by these companies (Tucker 211). Competing NBA and NFL will be unsustainable hence leading to monopoly. Monopoly has resulted due to the large scale of operation in which these two companies operate. They operate national leagues across the United States; competing them will depend on who is able to survive harsh economic times. Potential competitors cannot hope to provide the services provided by NBA and NFL In contrast, One perfect example of accompany in the competitive market structure is Cisco Call Manager (CCM). This company is a key member of the Cisco IP telephony network solution. CCM offers telephone services to its customers. Further, it provides all connection services to IP phones, smart phones and VoIP services. CCM faces competition from other companies such as Skype and Comcast that offer the same products and services (Sheppard 18). Cisco Call manager (CCM) experiences competition from new entrants in the market while NBA does not. New companies that offer similar services to those of Cisco Call Manager (CCM) have found their way to the market. This kind of market is where companies offer telecommunication services to customers does not pose any challenges to possib le entrants. To survive in such a competitive market, companies like CCM and Skype must offer their services at low costs and ensure that their products are unique from those offered by their competitors. CCM has also been challenged by the availability of their product substitute (Sheppard 18). NBA experiences no competition from other companies while CCM experiences stiff competition from other companies like Skype since no barriers to entry in the market exist. NBA has awarded contract to the best players as well as

Scholarship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Scholarship Essay Example To make matters worse, soon after my divorce, I had to move back in with my parents only to have to face a family tragedy. My parents died within 18 months of each other soon after. They left behind a sizable debt which I now have to contend with paying. All of these amount to me coming to my wits end. How will it be possible for me to continue with my life and honor my financial obligations if I do not have the kind of job that will allow me the kind of income to do so? After much soul searching, I finally found the answer. I decided to quit my job of nine years in order to save what I could of the little money that my parents left me to spend on pursuing the completion of my Business Administration degree. I felt like I had no choice but to resign from my job because it was not really serving its full purpose as a significant source of income for my family needs and financial obligations now that my parents were no longer around to help me out financially. Some people may say I am stupid for leaving a job that was paying me, even if it was only a pittance. But then again, holding on to that job was preventing me from retraining myself in order to achieve a higher goal. My full concentration is now set on completing my college degree and eventually pursuing an MBA. However, my finances are still quite strapped, which is why I have come to the Neal, Thomas James, and Lynnie Rice Neal Scholarship foundation for help. With a GPA of 3.75, I realize that I will be in a cut-throat competition with the other applicants. But the foundation will not be sorry if the scholarship is awarded to me. I know the value of a good education because I am the only member of my family to ever attend college. And I fully intend to use every opportunity that I can in order to achieve the greatness in life that I know I was meant for. All I am asking for, is a helping hand. I am hoping that your foundation will be one to give me the leg up that I need to get

Integrated Science, Hurricanes Definition Causes and Precautions Essay Example for Free

Integrated Science, Hurricanes Definition Causes and Precautions Essay The winds weaken with height.  · The centers of the hurricane are warmer than their surroundings  · They form under weak high altitude winds.  ·The air also sinks at the center of a hurricane and the main energy source is the latent heat of condensation.  ·They weaken rapidly over land. Definition: A Hurricane is an intense tropical weather system with a well defined circulation and maximum sustained winds of 74 mph (64 knots) or higher. In the western Pacific, hurricanes are called typhoons, and in the Indian Ocean are called cyclones. Hurricanes are products of the tropical ocean and atmosphere. Each year on average, ten tropical storms (of which six becom become hurricanes) develop over the Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, or Gulf of Mexico. Many of these remain over the ocean. Howevever, about five hurricanes strike the United States coastline every 3 years. Records of hurricane in the Caribbean:  ·Anguilla Hurricane Earl 2010 Antigua Barbuda Hurricane Debby 2000 , Hurricane Omar 2008 , Hurricane Earl 2010  ·Babrbados Hurricane Joyce 2000  ·Haiti Hurricane Isaac -2012 , Hurricane Hanna 2008 , Hurricane Ernesto 2008 , Hurricane Kyle 2008  ·Grenanda- Hurricane Emily 2005 Evacuation Safety Procedures: (Hurricane) When a Warning or Hurricane watch is occured :  ·Leave low lying areas.  ·Protect windows with plywood boards, or storm shutters.  ·Secure outside objects.  · Make sure you have plenty of fuel and water.  ·Have several days supply of food and water for each family member. If called to evacuate, do so immediately. Before the storm: -Stay in Secure Room. -Stay away from windows. -Do not use the phone, or candles. -Have supplies on hand. -Remain indoors when the eye moves over your area because the storm will resume shortly. After the storm:  ·Make sure that all is definitely clear outside, and the storm has completely passed before going out.  ·Report downed power lines, and stay away from them.  ·Use stored water and food.  ·Be patient. Things will take a while before they get back to normal.

The Cuban Revolution Essays -- essays research papers

The Cuban Revolution Mr. Barron Jason Rosenzweig  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   January 9, 1997   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After the Cuban Revolution many change occurred in Cuba. Cuba was once a corrupt dictatorship, now and for the past 36 years Castro has led a communist government.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before Castro took over Batista, Batista ran a biossed economy for the rich. Officials took pay offs, keeping the majority of the peoples thoughts invisible. Protestors of Batista were murdered, and their body's were thrown in gutters. During these times the life for the rich was plentiful, they had more Cadillacs than any other city in the world, and the highest number of T.V. sets per capita out of all the Latin American countries . Many gambling casinos were also present. While life for the poor was plagued with unemployment, inadequate health care, and a high illiteracy rate.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Castro's take over of the government, changed many ways of life in Cuba, most of which benefited the poor or the majority of the people. Education was improved for the poor, there are many times more schools and staff members to educate the young. Health care was improved, infant mortality rate has dropped from 60 to 11.1 which is comparable to industrialized nations.   &...

Perfect Teacher Essay

In nowadays when its getting harder and harder to attract children’s and students to learn something, when they are often sitting next to their computers and doing nothing, it’s very important to be a good teacher, to know how to make children’s and students be more interested in studying and to make them spend more and more time on their homework. I’m a student too and from my point of view teachers must have a good character, good attitudes, good teaching skills, and have a good relation with the students. They must be creative in order to make the students can easily understand or to make the study hours more enjoyable, so that the students would not be bored. Rather than just speaking and explaining in front of the class, the teacher can also have some experiment or other fun activity like researching about weather to increase the student’s knowledge by doing something, not only by listening. But I think the most important thing is the desire to be a good teacher. This means the one who succeeds in every aspect of teaching, just like the teachers recognize students who really try to be good students, Students also recognize teachers who really want to be good teachers. That’s just my opinion about being a good teacher, or what should you do to be one, but I think that all students would agree with me that if all teacher would be like I said, there would be more students spending their time studying.

Disadvantages and advantages of the Internet

Modern technologies are confidently striding in their development and advancement into our life. Technology and civilization are obviously a subject of tremendous scope and one which might be treated in a hundred ways. Technological progress is closely related to a man who in many ways is dependent on technology – conceived as utilities, machines, techniques, and sources of power. It is largely through organizations that technology influences modern man and modifies his ways of working or thinking or living.However, the relation between technology and a man is also tangible on an individual level, and the best example for such technology’s intrusion into man’s life is the Internet. Nowadays the Internet has become a new and convenient way to communicate with friends or very often find new ones, today it is a widespread way to conduct business, search for information or even a way to shop. It is an often case when the Internet is considered solely as a source of e ntertainment or source of wasting time, though initially it commenced as a research tool.It is this academic aspect that is becoming increasingly popular among students today. The introduction of the Internet has both beneficial and detrimental effect on our life. Though almost infinite capabilities of the Internet are widely exploited, most often people tend to use it to get information. Thanks to the Web people are enabled to get an access to information that is often unavailable in print.Furthermore, use of the Internet is convenient way to retrieve necessary information in contrast to resources stored in a library, as far as the Internet is easy of access every day at any time. And last but not least, the Internet as a search tool is clearly an interactive medium; the search for information through the Internet is facilitated by interactivity of some sites what makes them especially advantageous as a resource. Another substantial benefit of the Internet is the unparalleled possi bility to communicate.The e-mail service became an essential communication means for business needs. It is also an excellent and fast way to keep in touch with friends no matter how far they can be at the moment. In comparison to other communication means like postal services, telephone or fax the advantages of e-mail are obvious not only in its fastness, but also in its cost efficiency and accessibility – e-mail service is usually free and available at all hours of the day and night. Despite its numerous advantages the Internet is not absolutely free of weak points.Thus, alongside with useful and beneficial information the Internet sources, providing with the information about how to build bombs, sites that make pornography available to children are ubiquitous in the Web. In addition, too often the ease with which the information can be retrieved is not directly proportional to its quality and reliability. Many Internet users indicate as a flagrant problem the potential abil ity of dangerous strange fellows to make contact with children.The Internet as a source of many useful services like online banking, hotel reservation, shopping, or managing business also poses certain danger to its user. The loss of privacy is a major problem with the Internet in this regard. There is an obvious threat to have an unauthorized person willing to gain access to your financial records or personal information over the Internet. However, public apprehension about potential danger on the Internet is not strong enough to deny the evidence of increasing number of people who go online.Reasoning from this fact the conclusion can be derived that the advantages of using the Internet overweight its disadvantages. It is only necessary to approach these benefits with critical thinking. It is important to distinguish propaganda and commercially driven information from that which is fairly informative and useful. Finally, some regulations have to be made with regard to specific cont ent considered as threatening. Thus, the Internet is of great value as a facility that makes people’s life easier though its application requires scrupulous approach.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Essays

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Essays Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Essay Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Essay Attention-deficit hyperactivity upset ( ADHD ) , which is frequently referred to as childhood hyperactivity, is a terrible and chronic upset for kids. It is one of the most prevailing childhood upsets, and affects 3 % to 5 % of the school-age population. Boys outnumber misss three or more to one. Children with ADHD can see many behavioural troubles that frequently manifest in the signifier of inattention, being easy distracted, being unprompted, and hyperactivity. As a consequence, kids with ADHD may develop emotional, societal, developmental, academic, and household jobs because of the defeats and jobs they are invariably sing. Families who have kids with ADHD frequently experience much higher anxiousness and emphasis degrees. A big figure of kids, about half, will exhibit marks of ADHD by the age of four. However, most kids are non diagnosed until he or she reaches simple school. The behaviours that are associated with ADHD in kids put them at hazard for a host of other jobs and complications such as finishing their instruction, intoxicant and other drug maltreatment, and an increased hazard for delinquency. There has been much research on ADHD in recent old ages and many different types of medicines and intercessions have proven to be rather helpful. With the proper diagnosing and intervention, kids with ADHD can larn to get by with the day-to-day demands of the schoolroom, societal state of affairss, household interactions, and life in general. SYMPTOMS   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The symptoms of ADHD include:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Inattention, which is having a short attention span and being easily distracted.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Impulsivity, which can cause a person to do dangerous or unwise things without thinking of the consequences.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hyperactivity, which is excessive and inappropriate activity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Many normal children may display these symptoms, but at a low level. So it is important that a thorough examination and appropriate diagnosis be made on the child by a highly qualified professional.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It may also be hard to identify these symptoms in pre-school children. All these major symptoms can be perceived as normal behavior among these children. ADHD is distinguished from normal behavior by the severity and consistency of the symptoms.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ADHD is divided into three subtypes, each with its own pattern of behaviors:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   restless, often fidgeting with hands and feet or squirming while seated  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   running, climbing or leaving a seat in situations where sitting and quiet behavior is expected  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   blurting out answers before hearing the whole question  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   having difficulty waiting in line or taking turns The predominantly inattentive type:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   often becoming easily distracted by irrelevant sights and sounds  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   often failing to pay attention to details and making careless mistakes  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   rarely following instructions carefully and completely forgetting and losing things like toys, pencils, books and tools needed for the task  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   often skipping from one uncompleted activity to another The combined type displays both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive type. CAUSES   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There is little evidence that ADHD is caused by child-rearing or from social factors. No single cause of ADHD has been identified, but researchers have been exploring a number of possible genetic and environmental links. Studies have shown that children with the disorder have close relatives who also have ADHD.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Recent research also links smoking during pregnancy to later ADHD in a child. Other risk factors may include premature delivery, very low birth weight, and injuries to the brain at birth. TREATMENT   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ADHD cannot be cured, but it can be successfully managed. The goal is to help the child learn to control his or her behavior.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In most cases, ADHD is best treated with a combination of medication and behavior therapy. Any good treatment plan will require close follow-up and monitoring. It is also important for parents to actively participate in their child’s treatment plan. Parent education is considered an important part of ADHD management. Medications   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Several different types of medications may be used to treat ADHD:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Stimulants are the best known treatments- they have been used for more than fifty years in the treatment of ADHD. Possible side effects include decreased appetite, stomachache, irritability, and insomnia. There is currently no evidence of any long-term side effects.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Non-stimulants were approved for treating ADHD in 2003. These appear to have fewer side effects than stimulants.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Antidepressants are sometimes a treatment option; however, in 2004, the FDA has issued a warning that these drugs may lead to a rare increased risk of suicide in teens and children. Behavioral Therapy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Research has shown that medications used to help control impulsive behavior and attention difficulties are more effective when they are combined with behavioral therapy. Behavior patterns are changed by:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Reorganizing your child’s home and school environment. This can be shown by helping your child create a routine like putting his things in the same place everyday. It would also help to remove distractions like the computer and television while he or she is doing the homework.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Giving clear directions and commands. Instead of long-winded explanations and cajoling, it would be wise to use clear, brief directions to remind your child of his or her responsibilities.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Setting up a system of consistent rewards for appropriate behaviors and negative consequences for inappropriate ones.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Helping your child discover a talent. Kids need to experience success to feel good about their selves. Finding out his talents can boost social skills and self-esteem. NEW STUDIES ON HOW ADHD IS DIAGNOSED   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A genetic variation that boosts risk for ADHD paradoxically appears to predict who will outgrow the learning disability. Scientists found that brain development in ADHD-afflicted children with this variation was out of whack at age 8 but normalized by 16. ADHD symptoms with this group were also more likely to disappear with age. The study is the first to identify a genetically determined pattern of brain development linked to ADHD and indicates a real neurological basis for the disorder.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Scientists have already uncovered several genetic variations that raise risk for ADHD, which is likely caused by a complex combination of genetic and other factors. The biggest genetic culprit identified to date is a variation in the receptor for dopamine- one of the brain’s signaling moleculeswhich increases risk for the disorder by 20 to 30 percent.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Philip Shaw, a neuroscientist at the National Institute of Mental Health in Bethesda, MD, who led the study, said that this is the first step in individualizing treatment for ADHD based on genetic make-up.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Research scientists also have focused their studies on the different parts of the brain, including the frontal lobes of the cerebrum. The frontal lobes allow us to solve problems, plan ahead, understand the behavior of others, and restrain our impulses.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   All these parts of the brain have been studied through the use of various methods for seeing into or imaging the brain. These methods include functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Scientists caution that it is too early to use their findings to diagnose the disorder or to influence treatment. But with more research it may be possible to do an MRI study before starting medication and then predict what type of treatment might be best for the individual based on their brain image. REFERENCES National Institute of Mental Health. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder-Complete Publication. http//www.nimh.nih.gov/publicat/adhd.cfm Accessed 14 February 2008. Singer, Emily. â€Å"A Neurological Basis for ADHD†. 9 August 2007. http//www.technology review.com./Biotech/19197 Accessed 14 February 2007. Tynan, W Douglas. â€Å"What is Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder?†. March 2005. http//www.kidshealth.org/parents/emotions/behavior/adhd.html Accessed 14 February 2008.

Geography of River Deltas - Formation and Importance

Geography of River Deltas - Formation and Importance A river delta is a low-lying plain or landform that occurs at the mouth of a river near where it flows into an ocean or another larger body of water. Deltas greatest importance to human activities, fish and wildlife lay in their characteristic highly fertile soil and dense, diverse vegetation. In order to fully appreciate the role deltas play in our larger ecosystem, it is first important to understand rivers. Rivers are defined as bodies of fresh water generally flowing from high elevations toward an ocean, a lake or another river; sometimes, even back into the ground. Most rivers begin at high elevations where snow, rain, and other precipitation run downhill into creeks and small streams. These small waterways flow ever farther downhill, eventually meeting to form rivers. Rivers flow toward oceans or other larger bodies of water, oftentimes combining with other rivers. Deltas exist as the lowest part of these rivers. It is in these deltas where a rivers flow slows and spreads out to create sediment-rich dry areas and biodiverse wetlands. Formation of River Deltas The formation of a river delta is a slow process. As rivers flow toward their outlets from higher elevations, they deposit mud, silt, sand, and gravel particles at the mouths where rivers and larger, more sedentary bodies of water meet. Over time these particles (called sediment or alluvium) build up at the mouth, extending into the ocean or lake. As these areas continue to grow the water becomes shallower and eventually, landforms begin to rise above the surface of the water, typically elevating to just above sea level. As rivers drop enough sediment to create these landforms or areas of raised elevation, the remaining flowing water with the most power sometimes cuts across the land, forming different branches called distributaries. Once formed, deltas are typically made up of three parts: the upper delta plain, the lower delta plain, and the subaqueous delta. The upper delta plain makes up the area nearest to land. It is usually the area with the least water and highest elevation. The lower delta plain is the middle of the delta. It is a transition zone between the dry upper delta and the wet subaqueous delta. The subaqueous delta is the portion of the delta closest to the sea or body of water into which the river flows. This area is usually past the shoreline and it is below water level. Types of River Deltas Despite the generally universal processes by which river deltas are formed and organized, it is important to note that the worlds deltas vary dramatically in structure, composition, and size due to factors such as origin, climate, geology, and tidal processes. These external factors contribute to an impressive diversity of deltas around the world. A deltas characteristics are classified based upon the specific factors contributing to its rivers deposition of sediment typically the river itself, waves or tides. The main types of deltas are wave-dominated deltas, tide-dominated deltas, Gilbert deltas, inland deltas, and estuaries. As its name would imply, a wave-dominated delta such as the Mississippi River Delta is created by wave erosion controlling where and how much river sediment remains in a delta once it has been dropped. These deltas are usually shaped like the Greek symbol, delta (∆). Tide-dominated deltas such as the Ganges River Delta are formed by tides. Such deltas are characterized by a dendritic structure (branched, like a tree) due to newly-formed distributaries during times of high water. Gilbert deltas are steeper and formed by deposition of coarse material. While it is possible for them to form in ocean areas, their formations are more commonly seen in mountainous areas where mountain rivers deposit sediment into lakes. Inland deltas are deltas formed in inland areas or valleys where rivers may divide into many branches and rejoin farther downstream. Inland deltas, also called inverted river deltas, normally form on former lake beds. Finally, when a river is located near coasts characterized by large tidal variations, they do not always form a traditional delta. Tidal variation often results in estuaries  or a river that meets the sea, such as Saint Lawrence River in Ontario, Quebec, and New York. Humans and River Deltas River deltas have been important to humans for thousands of years because of their extremely fertile soils. Major ancient civilizations grew along deltas such as those of the Nile and the Tigris-Euphrates rivers, with the inhabitants of these civilizations learning how to live with their natural flooding cycles. Many people believe that the ancient Greek historian Herodotus first coined the term delta nearly 2,500 years ago as many deltas are shaped like the Greek delta (∆) symbol. Deltas remain important to humans even today as, among many other things, a source of sand and gravel. Used in highway, building and infrastructure construction, these highly valuable materials quite literally build our world. Delta land is also important in agricultural use. Witness the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta in California. One of the most agriculturally diverse and productive areas in the state, the region successfully supports numerous crops from kiwi to alfalfa to tangerines. Biodiversity and Importance of River Deltas In addition to (or perhaps in defiance of) these human uses, river deltas boast some of the most biodiverse systems on the planet. As such, it is essential that these unique and beautiful havens of biodiversity remain as healthy habitat for the many species of plants, animals, insects, and fish some rare, threatened or endangered which call them home. In addition to their biodiversity, deltas and wetlands provide a buffer for hurricanes, as open land often stands to weaken the impact of storms as they travel toward larger, more populated areas. The Mississippi River Delta, for example, buffers the impact of potentially strong hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico.

What you think of the subprime crisis and how it impacts todays Essay

What you think of the subprime crisis and how it impacts todays economy - Essay Example In obvious circumstances, the lenders mortgaged the loan security to other investors in various esoteric combinations. The adverse effects of the subprime crisis lead to hike in interest rates, which forces the Fed to raise rates to combat inflation, which has to be incurred by the common man. Economies of developing countries classified as emerging markets, are still seen by developed country fund managers as risky propositions. So the flight to safety will see some funds pull out of developing countries. This could lead to a stock markets slide in these economies, loss of confidence and slowdown of the real economy. The other source of disruption is construction-led slowdown in the US. This could hit developing economies that export a lot to the US. The subprime crisis also places downward pressure on economic growth, because fewer or more expensive loans decrease investment by businesses and consumer spending, which drive the economy. A separate but related dynamic is the downturn in the housing market, where a surplus inventory of homes has resulted in a significant decline in new home construction and housing prices in many areas. This also places downward pressure on growth. Crisis has caused panic in financial markets and encouraged investors to take their money out of risky mortgage bonds and shaky equities and put it into commodities as "stores of value". Most of the recent increases in global food prices have been the result of speculation and the collapse in the value of the US dollar which is now at Indian Rupees 38.62 per dollar. This crisis has an immense effect on the national stock markets, where the fluctuations in the market prices and shares of the corporations do create an element of doubt in the stakeholders mind and thus leading to kiosk among them. The market value chips down and which tends the financial institutions to come forward and ask for their loans

Literary Elements of the Film (Pan's Labyrinth) Essay

Literary Elements of the Film (Pan's Labyrinth) - Essay Example Thesis statement: The analysis of Pans Labyrinth by Guillermo del Toro, based on literary elements like plot, symbolism, and conflict proves the futility of hatred/war and the role of motherly tenderness in reducing violence and bloodshed in the mortal and immortal worlds. This section is divided into three: Plot (the theme of motherly tenderness), symbolism (war and violence), and conflict (between real and imaginary worlds, and internal conflict related to dual personality). First of all, motherly tenderness is the most important theme unearthed by the director in the film. To be specific, the heroine (Ofelia) who sacrifices her own life for the wellbeing of others is symbolic of motherly tenderness. As pointed out, the film’s plot is interconnected with military/ political history of Spain, especially during 1940s, after the Spanish Civil War between the Republicans and Nationalists. In the film, the director provides ample importance to the internal turmoil in Spain. Charles Derry makes clear that â€Å"Where as Pans Labyrinth takes places after the end of the Spanish Civil War, the violence still continues† (323). Military posts were established to stamp out the resistance. In the film, Captain Vidal is portrayed as a brave character that fights against the rebels. From a different angle of view, the film is a fanciful after the end of the Spanish Civil War, the violence still continues. Military posts were established to stamp out the resistance. In the film, Captain Vidal is portrayed as a brave character that fights against the rebels. From a different angle of view, the film is a fanciful on the background of fascist repression and violence, the heroine is drawn into a mystical, old labyrinth and uncovers a tale that has long been forgotten. In the film, Ofelia realizes that Captain and his fascist allies try their level best to bring down the rebels who fight for freedom. This attempt destroys Ofelia’s world and she wants to have an escapade