Ethical decision making for Procter And Gamble Essay

 Procter and Gamble (PG) is a worldwide financial specialist, an organization that is consistently on advertising and fortifying its image names as being at the highest point of the pack. One case of how the organization has utilized web based life to strengthen its image and afterward offer a transient salary play. The innovativeness in advertising today can be astounding when one uses long range informal communication in blend with brand mindfulness. What's more, this sort of speedy reasoning and mindfulness can separate an organization, adding to deals. Procter and Gamble is an extraordinary case of this. P&G has a reason to keep current on occasions that occur during that time that could affect its brands. It searches for things that might have an immediate demeanor upon steadfast clients. â€Å"In one case, for instance, the Tide brand acted the hero after a red hot blast during the Dayton 500 secured the Speedway with 200 gallons of consuming fuel. Audience members watch ed track laborers utilizing Tide to clean the track during a two-hour delay in the Great American Race. Corporate Governance is the association of the administration, investors and Board of Directors to help guarantee that all investorsâ€both investors and creditorsâ€are ensured against administrators acting exclusively in their own wellbeing. Corporate Governance comprises of laws, strategies, systems and, in particular, rehearses that guarantee the prosperity of the advantages of the Company. Corporate Governance is at its most significant levels when the board goes about as though they are long haul speculators in the Company.The strategies, techniques and practices illuminated in this area exhibit that Procter and Gamble pays attention to Corporate Governance very. Our administration goes about as long haul financial specialists of the Company since they, as most Procter and Gamble workers at all levels, are in reality long haul speculators. Workers Are Long-Term Investors In 1887, preceding P&G was even a traded on an open market organization, William Cooper Procter presented a benefit sharing project for representatives. At the time he stated, â€Å"We should let the workers share in the firm’s income. That will give them a motivation to increment earnings.† He changed that program in 1903 to have the benefit sharing be granted as genuine P&G stock. He contemplated that as workers became investors, their monetary advantages and those of the Company would be bound all the more intently together. That program despite everything exists today with a huge piece of each U.S. employee’s retirement comprising of P&G stock. Furthermore, for all intents and purposes all representatives own P&G stock or stock rights by means of different venture programs. In light of that reality, employees’ financial interests are adjusted to those of the Company. Further, our Executive Share Ownership Program requires senior officials to claim portions of Company stock and additionally limited stock units esteemed at multiple times base compensation for the Chief Executive Officer, and multiple times base pay for the other senior administrators. Non-worker chiefs should claim Company stock as well as confined stock units worth multiple times their yearly money retainer. These remuneration programs help to guarantee the arrangement of the interests of our senior officials and executives with investors. A Foundation of Integrity, Control and Stewardship P&G has a solid history of working with honesty all through the Companyâ€at all levels, in all nations, both inside and remotely. Our activities and the activities of every one of our workers are represented by our Purpose, Values and Principles. The reason for each choice we make at P&G can be found in our Purpose, Values and Principlesâ€our PVPs. The lucidity and steadiness of the Company’s PVPs is the one factor over all others that has driven the Company’s development over ages. Our promise to work capably is reflected in the means we have set up to guarantee thorough money related order and Corporate Governance. We have a functioning, skilled and persistent Board of Directors that fulfills the necessary guidelines of freedom, with individuals who comprehend their job in giving solid Corporate Governance. Our Audit Committee is contained only of free chiefs, with huge money related information and experience. The Audit Committee additionally meets rout inely in private meeting with the Company’s autonomous reviewers, Deloitte and Touche LLP. We keep up a solid interior control condition. Our thorough business process controls incorporate composed arrangements and methods, isolation of obligations and the cautious determination and advancement of workers. The framework is intended to give sensible affirmation that exchanges are executed as approved andâ appropriately recorded, that advantages are defended and that bookkeeping records are adequately solid to allow the arrangement of fiscal reports adjusting in every single material regard with bookkeeping standards for the most part acknowledged in the U.S. We screen these inward controls through a continuous program of review self-appraisal and inner and outer reviews. We keep up revelation controls and methods intended to guarantee that data required to be uncovered is recorded, prepared, summed up and announced in an ideal and exact way. Our Disclosure Committee is contai ned senior-level officials liable for assessing exposure ramifications of huge business exercises and occasions. We execute monetary stewardship by keeping up explicit projects and exercises to guarantee that workers comprehend their guardian duties to investors. This progressing exertion incorporates money related order in key and day by day business choices and carries specific concentration to keeping up exact budgetary announcing and powerful controls. Furthermore, our Global Leadership Council is effectively associated with thorough oversight of the business. We strengthen key worker duties through the Company’s Worldwide Business Conduct, which subtleties management’s and the Board of Directors’ promise to lead the Company’s business undertakings with high moral guidelines. Each worker is required to be prepared on the Company’s Worldwide Business Conduct Manual, and each representative is considered by and by responsible for consistence. Par ts of the Worldwide Business Conduct Manual contain P&G’s Code of Ethics for SEC and New York Stock Exchange Regulatory Purposes, as further depicted in the Manual. Doing What’s Right P&G’s notoriety is earned by our lead: what we state, what we do, the items we make, the administrations we give and the manner in which we act and treat others. As principled residents and workers, we need to make the wisest decision. For P&G, and our worldwide tasks, this is the best way to work together. A.2.1.5.1. Outside giving an account of social/moral issues 100.0% A+ The organization gives complete and straightforward social/moral writing about a standard premise. Inclusion: Group-wide inclusion (= 100% of representatives areâ covered by revealing). Remark: The organization covers social/moral issues in its Sustainability Reports and on its corporate site just as associated sites (www.scienceinthebox.com, www.pgbeautyscience.com). The organization gives data on representatives (assorted variety and wellbeing and security information, cutbacks/outplacement programs, preparing, working conditions), item duty, just as on its locale association and humanitarian a ctivities. What's more, P&G covers HSE resistance and fines. A few issues in the report are canvassed top to bottom (for example network activities, decent variety, preparing and buyer data). A few issues, be that as it may, are just canvassed in a fairly broad way (for example working conditions). Aside from approaches and guidelines, there is just little data on the company’s gracefully chain the executives, for example, on provider reviews or directing with respect to social issues. The company’s 2007 supportability report was readied utilizing the Global Reporting Initiative’s revealing rules. No data is accessible whether the report has been examined by an outer bookkeeper. BATAVIA, Ohio (AdAge.com) †Procter and Gamble Co. furthermore, Unilever have struggled over numerous things throughout the decades, from cleanser offers to spy outrages. In any case, the most recent battleground might be the most amazing and fascinating †a race to show whoà ¢â‚¬â„¢s best at sparing the world. P&G Global Marketing Officer Jim Stengel P&G Global Marketing Officer Jim Stengel Nothing shows the developing hold â€Å"ethical marketing† has on the business better than the concept’s developing grasp by the world’s two greatest spenders. While both have been occupied with such endeavors for quite a long time, they’re discussing them, and especially promoting them, more than ever. No not as much as Bill Gates as of late referenced Unilever as a top-of-mind case of an organization engaged with supportability endeavors in a CNBC meet from the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland. Unilever likewise won top distinctions in worldwide moral notoriety rankings from PR-checking firm Covalence in 2007 and Columbia University’s Botwinick Prize in business morals, to some extent for such endeavors as Dove’s â€Å"Campaign for Real Beauty† which expects to arrive at 5 million young ladies with confidence programs. Actually, the line between doing great and advertising has become hazy enough that Dove’s â€Å"Evolution† viral video must be yanked from a not-revenue driven arrangement ultimately to fit the bill for last year’s Film Grand Prix at Cannes. A similar day as Mr. Gates’ talk with, P&G showed it would convey about its maintainability endeavors †characterized to include a wide scope of network advancement programs †an a lot greater need in 2008. P&G goes past It will be difficult to accomplish more imparting than P&G as of now has done. In any event eight P&G b

Hills Like White Elephants and The Necklace free essay sample

An exposition contrasting the subject of junction in Hills Like White Elephants by Ernest Hemingway and The Necklace by Guy de Maupassant. The paper examines Ernest Hemingways Hills Like White Elephants and the young lady Jig who stands, along with her sweetheart, at a junction in her life, pondering the impact an undesirable pregnancy would have on their relationship. In correlation, the paper investigates the fundamental characters of Guy de Maupassants short story The Necklace who likewise wind up at a junction, however for an alternate explanation and with a differentiating result. The two ladies are responsible for their own choices, and both appear to have men in their lives that apparently bolster what their choices are; even they are not in concurrence with them. The Necklace demonstrates how such a choice to act better than everyone else can really cause such a negative result and the life of Mme. Loisels life was destroyed as a result of that one brilliant night that she demanded. We will compose a custom paper test on Slopes Like White Elephants and The Necklace or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In actuality, Jig assumes responsibility for her life in Hills Like White Elephants, just as her body, and concludes that notwithstanding her sweethearts request that things can be great once more, she won't have the fetus removal as arranged, yet will rather keep the kid.

Body Integrity Identity Disorder

Body Integrity Identity Disorder Basics Print Body Integrity Identity Disorder By Naveed Saleh, MD, MS twitter linkedin Naveed Saleh, MD, MS, is a medical writer and editor covering new treatments and trending health news. Learn about our editorial policy Naveed Saleh, MD, MS Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Rachel Goldman, PhD, FTOS on February 20, 2020 Rachel Goldman, PhD FTOS is a licensed psychologist, clinical assistant professor, speaker, wellness expert specializing in weight management and eating behaviors.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Rachel Goldman, PhD, FTOS on February 20, 2020 More in Psychology Basics Psychotherapy Student Resources History and Biographies Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming According to Sophocles, Oedipus the King killed his father and had sex with his mother. It wasnt until years later, however, that Oedipus found out that he committed patricide and incestâ€"initially not knowing that his father was his father and his mother was his mother. After Oedipus found out what he did, he struck out his own eyes. Oedipuss reason for self-blinding involved guilt and was allegorical: He was initially blind to the atrocious acts that he committed.   The ancient Greeks probably couldnt fathom somebody blinding himself without some tragic reason on the scale of Oedipuss crimes. However, in modern society, a few people exhibit ownership issues with specific body parts and obsessively wish for disability. These people have a condition called body integrity identity disorder (BIID) and often after years of suffering request to have surgery that results in amputation, blindness, deafness or paraplegia.   As you can probably imagine, few surgeons are keen on interfering with organs or limbs without disease. However, BIID is a complex problem, and some experts advocate for radical surgery as effective treatment. BIID Examined In the late 1700s, a French surgeon was forced at gunpoint to amputate a mans healthy limb. After the surgery, the man sent the surgeon payment and a letter of gratitude claiming that the surgery made him feel better. In 2000, the public found out that a Scottish surgeon named Robert Smith had performed leg amputations on two patients with seemingly normal limbs. When the CEO of Smiths hospital figured out what Smith had done, Smith was forbidden to perform any more amputations. However, in the wake of these amputations, the debate concerning healthy amputation and other seemingly unnecessary and debilitating surgery gathered steam. In 2015, a 30-year-old woman named Jewel Shuping claimed that she had her psychologist pour drain cleaner into her eyes so that she could realize her lifelong desire of being blind. To be fair, the veracity of Shupings claims is disputed; nevertheless, accounts of this assisted blinding once again highlight BIID. People with BIID complain of feeling overcomplete and alienated from a body part, such as an eye or a limb. These feelings are lifelong obsessions that result in considerable psychic suffering and trauma. Its unclear what causes BIID. In some people, issues with body identity or ownership can be traced back to definitive pathology such as a brain tumor. However, in most people with BIID, the etiology or cause of the disease remains to be elucidated. Researchers who study BIID have observed brain changes in individuals with the disease. Specifically, the parietal cortex, premotor cortex, and insula seem to be involved. However, its unclear whether these brain regions lead to BIID or occur as a consequence of BIID. Treatment of BIID       Without a clear understanding of what causes BIID, its difficult to treat the disease. Antidepressants and psychotherapy do little for the disease. Furthermore, heavier psychotropic medications like antipsychotics havent been tested in this patient population. Interestingly, people with BIID who desire leg amputation feel better after the procedure and report improved quality of life. Of note, the two people on whom Robert Smith, the Scottish surgeon, performed surgery, felt remarkably better after surgery and went on to live happily with prostheses. Many people with BIID practice living with a disability. These people are labeled pretenders. By pretending to live with a disability, these people experience some short-term relief similar to the temporary relief people with obsessive-compulsive disorder feel after carrying out a compulsion. Most surgeons who encounter BIID have an alarmed reaction to the prospect of using radical surgery to treat the illness. These surgeons claim that anybody who wants to amputate a healthy limb has mental illness and limited insight that compromises her ability to give informed consent. Most people with BIID arent psychotic and dont have delusions. Moreover, the depression that some people with BIID experience develops after living with BIID. It is likely a consequence, not cause, of the condition. In a paper titled Body Integrity Identity Disorder Beyond Amputation: Consent and Liberty, author Amy White claims that the decision for a person with BIID to undergo elective surgery to remove a body part isnt necessarily coerced, incompetent or uninformed; thus after a comprehensive screening process, patients with BIID could be candidates for radical surgery. White also likens BIID to gender dysphoria and radical surgery in those with BIID to sexual reassignment surgery. Specifically, both people with gender dysphoria and BIID feel trapped in a body that is somehow wrong and desire surgery to correct the problem. Conversely, in a paper titled Body Integrity Disorder--Is the Amputation of Healthy Limbs Justified?, author Sabina Müller  posits that the cost of radical surgery for BIID is too high, and people who receive it will no longer be able to work and will require lifetime care and rehabilitation.   Müller also questions whether people with BIID who request radical surgery lack insight into their illness and suggests alternative therapy: A Word From Verywell BIID probably is a neuropsychological disturbance that includes missing insight into the illness and a specific lack of autonomy. Instead of curing the symptom for the price of an irreversible bodily damage, a causal therapy should be developed in order to integrate the alien limb into the body image. Were probably a long way off from ever figuring out how to exactly help people who experience BIID. First, research into BIID is low power because very few people have the condition. Much of what we know about BIID is based on anecdotal accounts. Second, BIID likely involves complex neurological processes that we have yet to elucidate; after all, the brain is ineffably complicated. Third, radical surgery for BIID is mired in ethical considerations that further obfuscate our understanding and appreciation of treatment.

Free Online Public Schools K-12 for Colorado Students

Colorado offers resident students the opportunity to take online public school courses for free. Below is a list of no-cost online schools currently serving elementary and high school students in Colorado. In order to qualify for the list, schools must meet the following qualifications: classes must be available completely online, they must offer services to state residents, and they must be funded by the government. Virtual schools listed may be charter schools, state-wide public programs, or private programs that receive government funding. List of Colorado Online Charter Schools and Online Public Schools Colorado Calvert AcademyColorado Virtual AcademyDenver Connections AcademyDenver Public School OnlineInsight School of Colorado About Online Charter Schools and Online Public Schools Many states now offer tuition-free online schools for resident students under a certain age (often 21). Most virtual schools are charter schools; they receive government funding and are run by a private organization. Online charter schools are subject to fewer restrictions than traditional schools. However, they are reviewed regularly and must continue to meet state standards. Some states also offer their own online public schools. These virtual programs generally operate from a state office or a school district. State-wide public school programs vary. Some online public schools offer a limited number of remedial or advanced courses not available in brick-and-mortar public school campuses. Others offer full online diploma programs. A few states choose to fund â€Å"seats† for students in private online schools. The number of available seats may be limited and students are usually asked to apply through their public school guidance counselor. (See also: 4 Types of Online High Schools). Choosing a Colorado Online Public School When choosing an online public school, look for an established program that is regionally accredited and has a track record of success. Be wary of new schools that are disorganized, are unaccredited, or have been the subject of public scrutiny. For more suggestions on evaluating virtual schools see: ​How to Choose an Online High School.

Athletes In Danger In Sport - 1075 Words

Athletes are in Danger It is all fun and games until someone gets hurt. Many athletes, are being diagnosed with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis that takes control of the body. Others show symptoms of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy causing many to forget love ones. Theses types of diseases are attacking middle age men, who are involved in a sport. Today, sport’s programs just dont put enough care to the player, only to the performance that brings the profit. Any athlete can get a concussion at a game. Games are giving athletes head trauma that affects the brain, causing them to be in danger in the future. Athletes are dying and if changing the rules, even if it changes the game can save lives. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis†¦show more content†¦There are many other ailments that come with CTE like Parkinsons which is the death of viral nerve cells and HuitingtonÅ› the breakdown of nerve cells. CTE is one out of many diseases that have been ignored. Kevin Turner was a football player for the Patriot Eagles, he was diagnosed with ALS in 2010. He wanted to know if football had something to do with it. A studied showed that the National Football League (NFL) players were four times more likely to have ALS than most Americans. Also NFL players are three times more likely to die from ALS. The 91 athletes out of 95 that donated their brain to research had CTE. Therefore football has been a cause for ALS studied by Boston University. Turner said he knew a lot of people with ALS and usually were guys who played a position that have to do with big collisions. Turner stated that if he knew the risk of playing football he wouldnt have played. Is the sports world doing enough to help out athletes with theses neurological disease? NFL is supporting the athletes with ALS giving a 88 plan that gives the athletes financial help but it doesnt not include CTE. NFL did a fundraiser for ALS by doing the ice bucket challenge raising 41.8 million in dollars. After that generous donation did they continue with their fundraising for ALS? NFL is just been giving money to research for ALS. The sports world should not only give money to researchers to find a cure for ALS but to otherShow MoreRelatedSteriods in Sports Essay1259 Words   |  6 PagesNow put this through your mind. That athlete could improve his or her already superb skills into something even greater. This can be possible with the help of steroids. There is a current debate of allowing steroids to be legal in sports. Steroids should not be allowed in sports. Some people ask why. This research paper will give those people just a few of the many reasons why it should not be allowed. Through examining dangers of steroid abuse, ethics in sports, and characteristics of individualsRead MoreEssay Steroid Legalization Rebuttal811 Words   |  4 PagesRebuttal Article â€Å"Why it’s time to legalize steroids in professional sports† written by Chris Smith of Forbes Magazine argues that to level the playing field of professional sports it would be beneficial to legalize the use of performance enhancing drugs. Mr. Smith’s ideals that professional sports would be a fairer, more entertaining version of itself if performance enhancing drugs were legal, is an incredibly irresponsible and impudent declaration. Mr. Smith states â€Å"The primary reason why performanceRead MoreDeath Is The Worst Outcome At The Age Of 211372 Words   |  6 Pagesdehydration can lead to many health problems such as low blood pressure, kidney problems, seizures, and even death. With 40% of combat sports athletes experiencing serious dehydration when they cut weight, it is not surprising that there have been serious injuries and deaths associated with the weight cutting process. Weight cutting not only affects the athlete during the process, but it can have long-term effects on an athlete’s health. Cutting weight is linked to women having lower estrogen levelsRead MoreThe Effects of Performance Enhancing Drugs on Athletes996 Words   |  4 Pages The Effects of Performance Enhancing Drugs on Athletes The risks of taking performance -enhancing drugs to improve an athletes’ performance outweighs the benefits. Along with the fact that all performance-enhancing drugs are illegal to use in sports, there are also serious side effects and addiction risks to the drugs. Athletes may choose from a variety of drugs and each may achieve different benefits. However, most of the time, athletes are uneducated in their decision to take the drugsRead MoreSports Is The Most Dangerous Sport1464 Words   |  6 PagesIn today’s society, sports are the main highlight in the lives of youth, collegiate, and some adults. Many boys and girls have hopes and dreams of one day becoming a professional athlete. Many people are so involved in the love of the game, that they are unaware if the dangers their children are in. The most dangerous sport involves the lives of males. Over the past decade, many athletes have died or have brain problems because of so many hits to the head, causing the m to have a concussion. Read MoreConcussions Affecting The Lives Of Athletes1470 Words   |  6 PagesConcussions Affecting the Lives of Athletes In today’s society, sports are the main highlight in the lives of youth, collegiate, and some adults. Many boys and girls have hopes and dreams of one day becoming a professional athlete. Many people are so involved in the love of the game, that they are unaware if the dangers their children are in. The most dangerous sport involves the lives of males. Over the past decade, many athletes have died or have brain problems because of so many hits to theRead MoreSports Injuries And Its Effects On The Life Of Athletes1570 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract The main research of this paper is Sports injuries. Sport injuries are very common in the modern world and it has severe effects in the life of athletes. Injuries related to sport can lead to loss of life, body parts or career depending on the severity of the accident. Sport injuries have several negative impacts on the physical, mental, social ability of athletes. To accomplish the paper appropriately some real-life examples have been included in this research, for illustration. For betterRead MoreEssay about Use of Steroids in Sports1559 Words   |  7 Pagesenhancing drugs is becoming more popular among athletes, many of them dont understand the risks involved in taking these drugs. Many people are looking for a quick way to build muscle, or to get stronger the fastest way possible. Using these performance aids may very well be a quick fix for many athletes, but taking these supplements is unethical and dangerous. Using special drugs to boost an athletes performance is degradin g to sports and to the athlete. The human body can produce the same substancesRead MoreEssay about Steroids in Professional Sports976 Words   |  4 PagesSteroids in Professional Sports Sports is one of the most popular forms of entertainment we have today. Whether it’s football, basketball, soccer, baseball, etc., fans are willing to pay ridiculous amounts of money in order to watch sports. There are few issues in the world of sports. But there is one issue that stands out, steroids. Although steroids may increase strength, stamina and athleticism, they are incredibly harmful to your body and should never be used. Still, some athletes persist in takingRead MoreIs Football A Dangerous Sport?940 Words   |  4 PagesFootball can be a very dangerous sport. And although those who play the game believe that they are being protected by the helmets that they wear, the truth is that this may not be the case. In a recent study released by the American Academy of Neurology it has been found that â€Å"protection against concussion and complications of brain injury is especially important for young players, including elementary and middle school, high school and c ollege athletes, whose still-developing brains are more susceptible

Analysis Of The Poem Nocturne - 1141 Words

In Eavan Boland’s poem â€Å"Nocturne†, the speaker, assumed to be Eavan herself, secures her home before going to bed. Through imagery, metaphors, and onomatopoeic language, she describes every little detail of what she encounters and the observations she makes throughout that period of time. To the reader, â€Å"Nocturne† may seem like a simple poem, with no underlying symbolism or questionable meaning. Yet, through the last stanza, there seems to be a surprisingly somber omen over the poem, which puts to question whether or not Boland intended to write a poem with an underlying symbolic meaning, or if the readers are over interpreting the simple meaning of â€Å"Nocturne†. Boland’s title for the poem describes the tone she intended to have throughout the poem. â€Å"Nocturne† is a musical and artistic term, that means â€Å"of the night† (oxford dictionary). In this case, Boland seemingly named the poem â€Å"Nocturne† to giv e it a night-like scenery, which is very fitting for the poem since the plot of the poem takes place right before bedtime. Nocturnal music is known for their calm beginnings, exciting and dramatic middle sections and climaxes, and surprising endings, either a resolution or open-ended ending, which are all elements in the poem. She integrated the meaning of the word â€Å"Nocturne† into the poem and made an artistic, literary piece that was representative of the title and the elements of the word. In the first stanza of â€Å"Nocturne†, the speaker sees off a friend and becomes aware ofShow MoreRelatedThe Aesthetic Qualities Of A Musical Selection From Space Odyssey1568 Words   |  7 PagesSchumann – Romance in E Minor for Piano, Op.11, No. 1 (1839), Franz Liszt – Transcendental Étude in F Minor (1851), Johannes Brahms – German Requiem (1868), Giuseppe Verdi – Rigoletto (1851), Giacomo Puccini – La Bohà ¨me (1896), Frà ©dà ©ri c Chopin – Nocturne in E Major, Op. 9, No. 2, Ètude in C Minor, Op.10, No. 12 (Revolutionary) (1831), Polonaise in A Major, Op. 53 and many more. There were many different characteristics from the romantic era. Their work had a greater range of tone color, dynamics

Strategic direction free essay sample

The change process encompasses all activities aimed at helping the organization to successfully adopt new attitudes, new technologies and new ways of doing business . Effective change management enables the transformation of strategy, processes , technology and people to refocus the organization to achieve its objectives, maximize performance and ensure continuous improvement in an environment of ever-changing business . Forces for and against change . New technology competition Forecasts of supervisors FORCES TO KEEP THE INITIAL STATE: Complacency of group members Fear of change Well-learned skills Organizational Change It is defined as : the ability to adapt to different organizations transformations suffered by the average internal or external environment through learning . Another definition is: the set of structural changes suffered by organizations and that result in a new organizational behavior. The changes are caused by the interaction of forces , these are classified as: †¢ Internal : those that come from within the organization , from the analysis of organizational behavior and are presented as alternative solutions , representing equilibrium conditions, creating the need for structural change order; example of which is the technological upgrades , change of methodological strategies , policy changes , etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic direction or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page External : those that come from outside the organization , creating the need for changes in internal order, are examples of this force : Government regulations , quality standards , limitations in physical and economic environment. Models of Organizational Change Regarding change models , ie , processes or procedures by which the changes are put into practice , there are various classifications Moreno ( 2007) , outlines three models of change , Change Model Lewis Model of change Models systematic change Organizational Development , among others. Kurt Lewin, considered one of the pioneers in the development of models of organizational change, which laid the foundation for many years has supported research and action systems in the field, makes the three-step model ( Sandoval, 2011) Process of change model Kurt Lewin Change model Lewis Defrost , change movement refreeze For Lewin thaw the term refers to the time at which or the persons or organizations are convinced the change and decide to enter the transformation process. Therefore, the results from evaluating defrost settings the company to the current environment and preparing for the future, which will establish the diagnosis change. As mentioned Sandoval (2011 ) Grourad , Meston and Schein (1996 ) can be divided into three sub-phases defrost : breakdown , anxiety and security. The purpose of the change or movement as proposed by Lewin model is to guide the organization towards the desired state .. The passage mentions refreeze Lewin is the institutionalization of the changes so that all people know them, meet them and take in their daily activity. Instilling a sense of urgency . Talk about the importance of knowing in advance the motivation that led the company to make the change, Create the guiding coalition . a large number of people , eliminate key obstacles, generate short -term wins, lead and manage dozens of change projects and new approaches rooted in the culture of the organization, which requires a strong guiding coalition that has the suitable trust and shared purpose (Moreno 2007). Developing a strategic vision. For Kotter Vision refers to a picture of the future with some implicit or explicit about why people should strive to create that future reviews. Communicate the change vision . Those leading change must find the best communication strategies to facilitate their transition. Barriers Blocking . Attack four major obstacles : the structures , skills , systems and supervisors Short-term gains , whose objectives are to provide evidence that the sacrifices are appreciated , reward change agents Support change. What is going to be implanted with achieving strong links and look ahead to keep getting achievements Embed new approaches to culture. According to Kotter only change when filtered prevails in organizational corporate culture , culture is powerful for three main reasons: individuals carefully selected , because states through the actions of hundreds or thousands of people , and because all this happens without a conscious intention and therefore difficult to challenge or even discuss the fact . Exchange Structure . : Reorder your internal systems . Changes in technology Changes in people Changing the organizational culture Change of structure : Reorder internal systems Classic Organizational Design : responsibilities , divisions, lines Performance . Decentralization : smaller organizational units , structures and technologies Adaptation Amendment of workflow and specialties Grouping function meeting people different Technological change : †¢ Change equipment : tools, equipment, process engineering , production techniques , etc. . †¢ Automation and computerization Diagnosis Engineering work Rotation of jobs Extension of work Enrichment Task Change in people At first it is only an intellectual understanding , a concept incorporated in the mind. But sometimes requires long long time for this new knowledge to penetrate the emotions and heart . While intellectual understanding is crucial , the change can only be completed when and what is understood by intellectual means is captured emotionally and begins to penetrate ever deeper into the psyche. And to take this step , it is very common to see that when someone exceeds an affective blockade discover that behind him others are hidden . Cultural Change †¢ Organizational culture : shared meanings among members of an organization that dictates how they should behave . Cultural Analysis Threatened Survival New Leadership Reorganization New story and ritual Change selection processes , and systems evaluation socialization Causes of Resistance to Change Uncertainty about the wedges and effects of change, fear of losing something currently aware of weaknesses in the proposed changes has Techniques for reducing resistance to change 1. Education and communication Two . Participation and active intervention Three . Facilitation and support ( counseling , therapy, new skills training , leave of absence , early retirement ) April . Negotiation . Handling covert attempts to influence others (change the facts , create false rumors 6 . Coercion Change management : 1. Diagnosis of the situation a. Formulation of the problem b . Getting information c . Analysis of information d . Derivation of suggestion Two . Selection rate Three . Strategy to use a. facilitators b . informative c . attitudinal d . policies conclusion Organizational change is a signature required in our times required for the new globalizing world scheme ; companies have been facing for some time to situations that we would never have imagined ago. The disadvantages of this new model are for developing countries like ours ; is difficult to compete with the economies of the first world, where deprives a different culture and more attached to the current economic requirements ; who are leading companies are now required to prepare more and better to do battle in the war of survival; is a priority awareness regarding the need for change in organizations, a shift that points to the fundamental axis : human capital. It is important to adopt our philosophy considering that the only thing that should remain unchanged in the universe is change.